retours gratuits Tout le temps. Despite the distrust of French politicians, however, dramatic new possibilities now opened up to him: he was invited to become crown prince of Sweden. "The Triumph of Neutrality : Bernadotte and European Geopolitics (1810–1844)", Revue D’ Histoire Nordique, No. [97], After the Battle of Leipzig he went his own way, determined at all hazards to cripple Denmark and to secure Norway,[33] defeating the Danes in a relatively quick campaign. [94] Thereafter, the Crown Prince declared the neutrality of Sweden and opened negotiations with the UK and Russia. Le 5 février 1818, il succède à Charles XIII sous le nom de Charles XIV Jean … Solomon, Maynard; Herttrich, Ernst (1988). He was a councillor of state from 1800 to 1802 and became commander of the army of the west. He was the first monarch of the Bernadotte dynasty. He was initially popular in both countries. [22] During the invasion of Friuli and Istria, Bernadotte distinguished himself greatly at the passage of the Tagliamento where he led the vanguard, and at the capture of the fortress of Gradisca (19 March 1797). 257–58, Barton, Sir Dunbar Plunket (1930). "[83] He also made himself well liked by Queen Charlotte, who regarded him a "gentleman in every sense of the word",[84] and established a net of contact within the Swedish aristocracy, befriending in particular the Brahe family through his favorite Magnus Brahe and countess Aurora Wilhelmina Brahe, whose cousin Mariana Koskull became his lover. On the second day of battle, 6 July 1809, IX Corps, having been mauled the night before, wherein Bernadotte struggled to rally his demoralized Saxons, was attacked by two Austrian corps, as part of Archduke Charles's effort to break the French line. pp. Left unsupported by Ney's unexpected movement toward Königsberg, the Russians under Levin August von Bennigsen, passed over to the offensive and attempted to destroy Bernadotte's and Ney's isolated Corps. Alm, Mikael; Johansson, Brittinger (Eds) (2008). However, the birth of the King of Rome put an end to Napoleon's need for an heir. Having been badly mauled, and fully exposed ahead of the main French line, IX Corps withdrew from the village of Aderklaa against Napoleon's orders. Born in Pau in southern France, Bernadotte joined the French Royal Army in 1780. [64], With Bernadotte having returned to Paris, the Walcheren Campaign (July 1809) caused the French ministry in the absence of the emperor to entrust him with the defense of Antwerp with both regular French and Dutch troops along with the National Guard. [17] After the 18th Fructidor, Napoleon ordered his generals to collect from their respective divisions' addresses in favor of the coup d'état of that day; but Bernadotte sent an address to the directory different from that which Napoleon wished for and without conveying it through Napoleon's hands. [33][17], However, during the campaign against Prussia, in the same year, he was severely reproached by Napoleon for not participating with his army corps in the battles of Jena and Auerstädt (14 October 1806). sont sur eBay Comparez les prix et les spécificités des produits neufs et d'occasion Pleins d'articles en … L’offensive éclair de la France. Bernadotte first met Napoleon Bonaparte in 1797 in Italy. 9, 1812–1817, Norstedt, Stockholm, 1942, Barton, Sir Dunbar Plunket (1930). [17] Paul Barras, one of five directors, was cautious that Napoleon would overturn the Republic, so he appointed Bernadotte commander-in-chief of the Italian Army in order to offset Napoleon's power. Napoleon now tried to prevent any reorientation of Swedish foreign policy and moreover sent an immediate demand that Sweden declare war on Great Britain; the Swedes had no choice, but, though technically in a state of war between 1810 and 1812, Sweden and Great Britain did not engage in active hostilities. [100] Ultimately the British and Austrians vetoed the idea, and the Allies agreed that if Napoleon were to be deposed, the only acceptable alternative was the restoration of the House of Bourbon. [17] As a reward for his services at Austerlitz, he became the 1st Sovereign Prince of Ponte Corvo (5 June 1806), a district of Naples formerly subject to the Pope. In your hands will be the fate of the Republic." Les meilleures offres pour Louis Xiv Magnifique 1/10 Ecu Aux 3 Couronnes 1710 9 Rennes sont sur eBay Comparez les prix et les spécificités des produits neufs et d'occasion Pleins d'articles en … He married Désirée Clary in August 1798, the daughter of a Marseilles merchant, and once engaged to Napoleon, and Joseph Bonaparte's sister-in-law. Louis XIV's France was emblematic of the age of absolutism in Europe. -- 1401-1800 -- manuscrits [115] This play was so popular that the idea that King Charles XIV John had a tattoo reading "Death to kings" is often repeated as fact, although there is no basis to it. les guerres, les batailles, les sièges, &c. [Reprint] (1749) [Leatherbound] de Hénault, Charles-Jean-François et d'autres livres, articles d'art et de collection similaires disponibles sur AbeBooks.fr. Ce ne sera pas le cas mais il obtient la Norvège, le 14 janvier 1814, en récompense de ses services. Bernadotte achieved…. Napoleon rebuked him for his absence but it became acknowledged that it was not due to Bernadotte, but Berthier's carelessness in dispatching the orderly. [122], Template:Grand Masters of the Norwegian Order of Freemasons, "Carl Johan" redirects here. Bernadotte was, through marriage to Désirée Clary, brother-in-law to Joseph Bonaparte, and thus a member of the extended Imperial Family. "[111], His remains were interred after a state funeral in Stockholm's Riddarholm Church. While Charles John had the power of absolute veto in Sweden, he only had a suspensive veto in Norway. Synopsis. He became Lord and Master of all Swedish orders of chivalry upon his accession to the throne. Johann Heinrich Friedrich Berlien (1846). ), French Revolutionary general and marshal of France (1804), who was elected crown prince of Sweden (1810), becoming regent and then king of Sweden and Norway (1818–44). 169-170, 256-257. [95], In 1813, he allied Sweden with Napoleon's enemies, including the UK, Russia and Prussia, in the Sixth Coalition, hoping to secure Norway. During the battle Bernadotte's personal wagon was captured by the Russians and he was accused, by the Cossacks who looted his baggage, of having extorted a large quantity of silver plate from minor German states, however the claim was never substantiated and ran contrary to Bernadotte's reputation. [17] His successful crossing of the Alps through the storm in midwinter was highly praised but coldly received by the Italian Army. [96] The Army of the North committed the coup de grâce on the already depleted French and Bernadotte was the first of the Allied sovereigns to enter Leipzig. Louis XIV, the highly-feted “Sun King”, was renowned for his political and cultural influence and for raising France to a new level of prominence in seventeenth-century Europe. Charles John's reign witnessed the completion of the southern Göt… Though blunt in speech, he was cautious and farsighted in action. Despite their rivalry, Napoleon felt that Bernadotte alone had the popularity, administrative and military skill to safeguard the Empire he had built. Following his first meeting with his new heir, Charles XIII (who had initially opposed Bernadotte's candidacy) remarked to his aide-de-camp count Charles de Suremain "My dear Suremain, I have gambled heavily, and I believe that after all I have won. Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte, né le 26 janvier 1763 à Pau, mort le 8 mars 1844 à Stockholm passa en l'espace de trente-huit ans, d'un rang de soldat du roi de France, au titre de roi de Suède et de Norvège sous le nom de Charles XIV Jean après avoir été général sous la Convention, ambassadeur puis ministre durant le Directoire, Maréchal d'Empire et prince de l'Empire. The construction began in 1825, but the Storting halted the funding after the costly foundation was laid and demanded that the appointed architect, Hans Linstow, construct a simpler palace. The king had adopted a Danish prince, Charles August, as his son soon after his coronation, but he had died just a few months after his arrival. [70] Despite the fact that Napoleon favored his ally Danish King Frederick VI, Danish Prince Frederick Christian initially had the most support to become Swedish Crown Prince as well. Their relationship, at first friendly, was soon embittered by rivalries and misunderstandings. He was also the first Sovereign Prince of Pontecorvo, Italy. [81], However, the Norwegians were unwilling to accept Swedish control. Louis XIV, the ruler of France from the late seventeenth century to the early eighteenth century, claimed, “I am the state.” He considered this to be absolutism. [17], Though Bernadotte declined to help Napoleon Bonaparte stage his coup d'état of November 1799, Napoleon was resolved to win over the "Obstacle Man" and showered him with honors. Bernadotte moved West as ordered, pursued by Bennigsen where he ably defeated the numerically superior Russian vanguard at Mohrungen (25 January 1807). Bernadotte was born in Pau, France, as the son of Jean Henri Bernadotte (Pau, Béarn, 14 October 1711 – Pau, 31 March 1780), prosecutor at Pau, and his wife (married at Boeil, 20 February 1754) Jeanne de Saint-Jean (Pau, 1 April 1728 – Pau, 8 January 1809), niece of the Lay Abbot of Sireix. In 1834, when the relationship between the two countries strained regarding the Near East Crisis, he sent memoranda to British and Russian governments and proclaimed neutrality in advance. Le portrait de Louis XIV par Charles Le Brun montre le roi âgé de vingt-trois ans. In 1814 Sweden and Norway became the United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway. [17] Accounts of Bernadotte's role at Wagram are contradictory. [18][19] Upon receiving insult from Dominique Martin Dupuy, the commander of Milan, Bernadotte was to arrest him for insubordination. [86] Therefore, he made up his mind to make a united Scandinavian peninsula, which was easier to defend, by taking Norway (intentionally without the ancient and remote provinces of Greenland, Iceland and the Faroe Islands) from Denmark and uniting her to Sweden. [33] Napoleon, on the night of 13 October, thinking he had faced the whole Prussian army at Jena, sent orders to Bernadotte and Davout to fall back from Naumburg and get across the Prussian line of retreat. Certains parlent de lui comme du futur roi de France. Charles John forced the Danish king to cede Norway to Sweden after the War of the Sixth Coalition, leading to the Swedish-Norwegian war of 1814 where Norway was defeated after a single summer’s conflict. Histoire de Charles XIV (Jean Bernadotte), Roi de Suede Et de Norvege (Ed.1838) (Litterature) (French Edition) ... in the framework of a partnership with the National Library of France, providing the opportunity to access old and often rare books from the BnF's heritage funds. 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