What role does memory—both personal and cultural—play in the novel? eNotes.com will help you with any book or any question. Top subjects are Literature, History, and Law and Politics. Achilles, frantic for the loss of Patroclus, rejecting the consolation of Thetis 1803 United Kingdom by George Dawe. Patroclus meets Achilles, the son of King Peleus and Thetis, a sea-nymph and shape-changer who controls the ocean. Achilleswas considered to be one of the greatest Greek warriors who ever lived, sometimes said to be the "shield of an army." [2] According to Homer, Achilles was brought up by his mother at Phthia with his inseparable companion Patroclus. What parallels do you see between the characters and conflicts of, Myths are often called “timeless” for their insights into human behavior. As a demigod, he attains immortality through the memory of his great accomplishments that will be forever recorded in literature like Homer's Iliad and Miller's The Song of Achilles. Media in category "Thetis bringing armor to Achilles over Patroclus" The following 16 files are in this category, out of 16 total. 16 l. 460) While fighting, Patroclus' wits were removed by Apollo, after which Patroclus was hit with the spear of Euphorbos. Patroclus (pətrō`kləs): see AchillesAchilles , in Greek mythology, foremost Greek hero of the Trojan War, son of Peleus and Thetis. Greece in the age of heroes. Thetis, the goddess who makes the mood of the novel shift simply with her entrances and her raspy voice – which I believe Patroclus compares to rough waves hitting the shore. What parallels do you see between the characters and conflicts of. Later non-Homeric tales suggest that Patroclus was Achilles’ kinsman or lover. He was the sonof the NereidThetis andthe mortal hero Peleus. Patroclus was the son of Menoetius in Greek mythology, and best friend of the hero Achilles. ... Thetis… There are at least three pronunciations of the name 'Patroclus' in English. In the Odyssey it becomes clear that Achilles cannot “return home” because he cannot “return from death.” This is the dramatic point of the confrontation between Achilles and Odysseus in the Nekyia. [14](pp474 b.23 l. 69–71) Patroclus was then cremated on a funeral pyre, which was covered in the hair of his sorrowful companions. Ledbetter does so by comparing how Thetis comforts the weeping Achilles in Book 1 of the Iliad to how Achilles comforts Patroclus as he weeps in Book 16. What role does memory—both personal and cultural—play in the novel? 2 His mother is commonly called Sthenele, but some mention her under the name of Periapis or Polymele. He was the son of Menoetius, the son of Actor, King of Opus and, through his grandmother Aegina, Achilles’ first cousin once removed. Gift of the New Zealand Academy of Fine Arts, 1936. Te Papa (1936-0012-83)MA I12.jpg 4,590 × 3,624; 23.3 MB Hooker reminds us that it is Patroclus who pushes the Trojans back, which Hooker claims makes Patroclus a hero, as well as foreshadowing what Achilles is to do. Ledbetter does so by comparing how Thetis comforts the weeping Achilles in Book 1 of the Iliad to how Achilles comforts Patroclus as he weeps in Book 16. Chapter Two – Thetis. His father was one of the Argonauts, while many different women have been mentioned as Patroclus' mother; Polymele, Sthenele, and Periopis. "[25] Later Greek writings such as Plato's Symposium, the relationship between Patroclus and Achilles is discussed as a model of romantic love. This page describes her role in the saga of the Trojan War--primarily as described in Homer's Iliad but also including various post-Homeric stories such as the hero's battle with Memnon and his death and funeral. Patroclus, an awkward young prince, has been exiled to the court of King Peleus and his perfect son Achilles. N2: His mother, Thetis, appears beside him. Achilles learns of Patroclus’ death and decides to fight. Thetis’s hatred for Patroclus carries Miller’s plot forward in some essential ways and contrasts effectively with the redeeming nature of their relationship, and that may be why she has developed this divine distaste for the love between two men. Patroclus "Glory of the father." THETIS: Pack up your ships. Aegina + Actor---> Menoetius (with one of several possible women)---> Patroclus. [3] However, this pronunciation is seldom encountered: for metrical convenience, Alexander Pope had made the 'o' long, and thus stressed, in his translation of Homer, following a convention of Greek and Latin verse, and that pronunciation – of Latin pa.trō′.clus – has stuck, for English /pəˈtroʊ.kləs/. The gay man who became a legendary warrior. Book XVIII. 16 l. 804–822), Achilles retrieved his body, which had been stripped of armor by Hector and protected on the battlefield by Menelaus and Ajax. Then we can look at their genealogy for confirmation. Thetis is saddened when Achilles' shares with her that he has no desire to live unless he can kill Hector for killing Patroclus. Aegina + Zeus---> Aeacus (with Endeis)---> Peleus (with Thetis)--->Achilles. [a][13], According to the Iliad, when the tide of the Trojan War had turned against the Greeks and the Trojans were threatening their ships, Patroclus convinced Achilles to let him lead the Myrmidons into combat. "What does he mean by that? While in Scyros, Odysseus and is brother Diomedes go looking for Achilles and Patroclus and find them hiding. Achilles and Ajax. Instead, she married Peleus, with whom she had a son, the mythical hero Achilles. With fire from Athena, he goes to a trench and yells, striking fear into the Trojans and allowing the Achaeans to get Patroclus’ body. Sign up now. ARGUMENT. [4] With fire from Athena, he goes to a trench and yells, striking fear into the Trojans and allowing the Achaeans to get Patroclus’ body. In The Song of Achilles, Patroclus tells Thetis that he is "made of memories. Achilles is playing a game with Ajax. Thetis has had three millennia to dwell upon the relationship of her Achilles and his Patroclus. Other articles where Patroclus is discussed: Achilles: …Phthia with his inseparable companion Patroclus. Chapter Two – Thetis. Patroclus as a friend to Achilles is a rebuke to Achilles and he knows it. Thetis Bringing Armor to Achilles (1806) by Benjamin West. [30](p 112) Dowden also notes the common occurrence of such relationships as a form of initiation. Meanwhile the fleet runner Antilochus, who had been sent as messenger, reached Achilles, and found him sitting by his tall ships and boding that which was indeed too surely true. Thetis provided him with new armour made by the craftsman-god Hephaestus, and he reconciled himself with Agamemnon and re-entered the fray, refusing to eat or drink until he could avenge Patroclus and rescue his body. Thetis returns to her son, who still weeps in the arms of the dead Patroclus. Another non-Homeric episode relates that Thetis dipped Achilles as a child in the waters of the River Styx, by which means he became invulnerable, except for the part of his heel by which… Our summaries and analyses are written by experts, and your questions are answered by real teachers. Hooker argues that the greater the love, the greater the loss. In The Song of Achilles, Patroclus tells Thetis that he is "made of memories. Patroclus (pətrō`kləs): see AchillesAchilles , in Greek mythology, foremost Greek hero of the Trojan War, son of Peleus and Thetis. [a][c] This reinforces Dowden's explanation of the relationship between an eromenos, a youth in transition, and an erastes, an older male who had recently made the same transition. He was a formidable warrior, possessing fierce and uncontrollable anger. Patroclus was the son of Menoetius in Greek mythology; with Menoetius being the son of King Actor of Opus. Patroclus as a friend to Achilles is a rebuke to Achilles and he knows it. The news of the death of Patroclus is brought to Achilles by Antilochus. (27) Flaxman Ilias 1795, Zeichnung 1793, 189 x 284 mm.jpg 1,973 × … [10] Menoetius was the son of Actor,[11] king of Opus in Locris by Aegina, daughter of Asopus. ACHILLES: Patroclus has been slain. Achilles was a hero of theTrojan Warand the central character of Homer's epic poem, theIliad. Once they are reunited, Achilles wants nothing to do with his wife or future child. The shield was a marvel. Throughout his life as a demigod, Achilles is trapped in between the mortality of his father and his immortal maternal heritage. Thetis is saddened when Achilles' shares with her that he has no desire to live unless he can kill Hector for killing Patroclus. [23][24][b] Aeschines asserts that there was no need to explicitly state the relationship as a romantic one,[24] for such "is manifest to such of his hearers as are educated men. [15] Patroclus killed many Trojans and Trojan allies, including a son of Zeus, Sarpedon. He states that another character could have filled the role of confidant for Achilles, and that it was only through Patroclus that we have a worthy reason for Achilles' wrath. Achilles was the bravest, handsomest, and greatest warrior of the army of Agamemnon in the Trojan War. THETIS: My son, what sorrow has befallen you? The Greeks build him a tomb but fail to include Patroclus’s name, at the urging of his son, who Thetis has brought to Troy to replace his father. This touches on one of the central themes of The Song of Achilles, which is Achilles's constant liminality between hero and villain, lover and soldier, mortal and immortal. In the same way, Achilles’s loyal best friend, Patroclus pushes him. Patroclus is a disappointment to his father, and is still young when he is exiled to the island of Phthia, to be an attendant on the half-divine Achilles. 16 l. 64–87) Patroclus defied Achilles' order and pursued the Trojans back to the gates of Troy. Greece in the age of heroes. Unlike Wolfgang Petersen, Peleus and Thetis would not have been disturbed by the erotic turn of their son’s friendship. According to his theory, this affection allows for the even deeper tragedy that occurs. Menoetius gave Patroclus to Peleus, Achilles' father, who named Patroclus Achilles' "squire" as Patroclus and Achilles grew up together. It's not a happy story, because apparently I like writing sad things, but I love high school AU's and thought I'd try to write my own! The grief of Achilles over Patroclus—The visit of Thetis to Vulcan and the armour that he made for Achilles T HUS then did they fight as it were a flaming fire. [14](pp363 b. Presumably, it's a gambling game. [19] However, as Patroclus is explicitly stated to be the elder of the two characters,[20] this is not evidence of their ages or social relation to each other. The varying views of the relationship between Achilles and Patroclus exist in so many forms for just as many reasons. She mainly appears as a sea nymph, a goddess of water, or one of the 50 Nereids, daughters of the ancient sea god Nereus.. We’ve discounted annual subscriptions by 50% for Covid 19 relief—Join Now! ACHILLES: Patroclus was like a brother to me. Hector then killed Patroclus by stabbing him in the stomach with a spear. Upon Thetis' force, he has taken a wife and she has become pregnant. Thetis, one of the fifty daughters of Nereus and Doris; the wife of Peleus and the mother of Akhilleus (Achilles). Patroclus makes him a better man, so when his friend dies, Achilles … In the Odyssey it becomes clear that Achilles cannot “return home” because he cannot “return from death.” This is the dramatic point of the confrontation between Achilles and Odysseus in the Nekyia. According to Ledbetter (19… ( Public Domain ) Was the Relationship of Achilles and Patroclus an Example of Pederasty? Hooker continues to negate Ledbetter's theory that Patroclus is in some way a surrogate for Achilles; rather, Hooker views Patroclus' character as a counterpart to that of Achilles. …the Nereid, or sea nymph, Thetis. [12] Patroclus acted as a male role model for Achilles, as he was both older than Achilles and wise regarding counsel. In the end she decides that yes, Patroclus was good for Achilles. [21] Hooker describes the necessity of Patroclus sharing a deep affection with Achilles within the Iliad. Before he had a chance to struggle and escape the horse he rode on, he felt a soft kiss being planted on his head. By all rights their paths should never cross, but Achilles takes the shamed prince as his friend, and as they grow into young men skilled in the arts of war and medicine their bond blossoms into something deeper - despite the displeasur In the play Achilles, who has become lazy, is besotted with Patroclus. Patroclus is witness to the carnage and pure badassery of this and is impressed. Finally she stands and looks at her son] Thetis : If you stay here, with me, with your family, you'll have a long, peaceful life. LGBTQ Heroes: Achilles. [26] However, Xenophon, in his Symposium, had Socrates argue that it was inaccurate to label their relationship as romantic. He was a formidable warrior, possessing fierce and uncontrollable anger. [30](p 114). As a mortal, he is destined to die and descend to the underworld. Hera sends Iris to tell Achilles to do something about the fight over Patroclus’ body. The Song of Achilles is a 2011 novel by Madeline Miller. The celebrated friend of Achilles, was a son of Menoetius of Opus, 1 and a grandson of Actor and Aegina, whence he is called Actorides. Who are the experts?Our certified Educators are real professors, teachers, and scholars who use their academic expertise to tackle your toughest questions. Achilles learns of Patroclus’ death and decides to fight. "What does he mean by that? The grief of Achilles over Patroclus—The visit of Thetis to Vulcan and the armour that he made for Achilles T HUS then did they fight as it were a flaming fire. Achilles' laments the death of Patroclus to his mother, Thetis Achilles shows himself to the Trojans; Polydamas advises retreat to the city and is ignored (see book 12) Thetis asks Hephaestus to make armor for Achilles Peleus, the husband who Thetis had left behind would outlive both Achilles and Neoptolemus, and his last days Peleus saved Andromache, the concubine of Neoptolemus, from Menelaus’ deadly intentions, but whilst he was doing this, Neoptolemus was killed by Orestes at Delphi. Thetis tells him to wait until she can get him new armor from Hephaestus. Patroclus was the son of Menoetius in Greek mythology, and best friend of the hero Achilles.His father was one of the Argonauts, while many different women have been mentioned as Patroclus' mother; Polymele, Sthenele, and Periopis.. [21], Achilles and Patroclus grew up together after Menoitios gave Patroclus to Achilles' father, Peleus. The gods are confused. Thetis assures Achilles that she will watch over Patroclus’s body and keep it preserved and safe until his return Achilles then told Patroclus to return after beating the Trojans back from their ships. The speeches of the mother and son on this occasion. Patroclus is the son of King Menoitius. [14](pp353 b. Achilles uses a simile containing a young girl tearfully looking at her mother to complete the comparison. This friendship pushed Gilgamesh physically, mentally, and emotionally and all of that becomes more and more clear as we see Gilgamesh grow and develop into a selfless leader. Achilles would refuse to allow the body of Patroclus to be buried, and Thetis, the mother of Achilles, anointed the body with ambrosia to prevent it from decomposing. Achilles consented, giving Patroclus the armor Achilles had received from his father, in order for Patroclus to impersonate Achilles. ©2021 eNotes.com, Inc. All Rights Reserved, Last Updated by eNotes Editorial on December 8, 2020. Log in here. [Thetis examines the shells in the palm of her hand. Morales and Mariscal state "there is a polemicaltradition concerning the nature of the relationship between the two heroes". He finds love with Achilles and goes out to fight for him in the Trojan war but is killed by Hector. Finally she stands and looks at her son] Patroclus’ self-doubts show that his (gay) sexuality is trapped in a modern tension between concealment and revelation. As the cutting of hair was a sign of grief while also acting as a sign of the separation of the living and the dead, this points to how well-liked Patroclus had been. Thetis was a sea nymph in Greek mythology, or according to some myths, one of the Nereids, the fifty daughters of the sea god Nereus and Doris.. She was courted by both Zeus and Poseidon, but neither of them married her, out of fear of a prophecy that said Thetis' son would surpass his father in glory. Patroclus, an awkward young prince, has been exiled to the court of King Peleus and his perfect son Achilles. ... Thetis (Song of Achilles) (31) Odysseus (Song of Achilles) (26) Chiron (Song of Achilles) (23) Patroclus | Patroklos (20) Achilles (19) Thetis (/ ˈ θ iː t ɪ s /; Greek: Θέτις), is a figure from Greek mythology with varying mythological roles. Various names are given in ancient texts for the mother of Patroclus, including Philomela, Sthenele (daughter of Acastus), Periopis (daughter of Pheres) and Polymele (daughter of Peleus). The celebrated friend of Achilles, was a son of Menoetius of Opus, 1 and a grandson of Actor and Aegina, whence he is called Actorides. [Thetis examines the shells in the palm of her hand. [18] Morales and Mariscal state "there is a polemical tradition concerning the nature of the relationship between the two heroes". He was sent to Phthia to live in a shelter under the rule of King Peleus. By all rights their paths should never cross, but Achilles takes the shamed prince as his friend, and as they grow into young men skilled in the arts of war and medicine their bond blossoms into something deeper - despite the displeasur Odysseus and Achilles are absolutely whipped. Patroclus makes him a better man, so when his friend dies, Achilles has lost not just a chum, but his moral compass. Patroclus is hiding a secret, Briseis is trying to figure out what it is, and Achilles is living under the control of his mother, Thetis. Aegina and Actor had Menoetius; Menoetius fathered Patroclus. In Greek mythology, as recorded in Homer's Iliad,[1] Patroclus (pronunciation variable but generally /pəˈtroʊkləs/; Ancient Greek: Πάτροκλος Pátroklos "glory of the father") was a close wartime companion of Achilles. Thetis provided him with new armour made by the craftsman-god Hephaestus, and he reconciled himself with Agamemnon and re-entered the fray, refusing to eat or drink until he could avenge Patroclus and rescue his body. Before he had a chance to struggle and escape the horse he rode on, he felt a soft kiss being planted on his head. The shield was a marvel. This will allow Zeus to fulfill his promise to Achilles' mother, Thetis, to give glory to Achilles. Patroclus meets Achilles, the son of King Peleus and Thetis, a sea-nymph and shape-changer who controls the ocean. Iris appears to Achilles by the command of Juno, and orders him to show himself at the head of the … Already a member? [22] While Homer's Iliad never explicitly stated that Achilles and Patroclus were lovers, this concept was propounded by some later authors. Meanwhile the fleet runner Antilochus, who had been sent as messenger, reached Achilles, and found him sitting by his tall ships and boding that which was indeed too surely true. Finally she stands and looks at her son] They're … Thetis bringing the new armor from Hephaestus to Achilles. Ledbetter believes this puts Patroclus into a subordinate role to that of Achilles. Hera sends Iris to tell Achilles to do something about the fight over Patroclus’ body. Thetis, hearing his lamentations, comes with all her sea- nymphs to comfort him. During his childhood, Patroclus had killed another child in anger over a game. Although Achilles has died, he still exists in Patroclus's memories and thus attains immortality. Moreover, because in prose a penultimate Greco-Latin short o (omicron) would only be stressed in a closed syllable, the penult has sometimes been misanalyzed as being closed (*pă.trŏc′.lŭs), which would change the English o to a short vowel: /pəˈtrɒk.ləs/.[5]. Ledbetter connects the way that Achilles and his mother Thetis communicate to the communication between Achilles and Patroclus. Patroclus is one of the main characters in this book. Thetis : Patroclus has never seen war. Hooker claims that without the death of Patroclus, an event that weighed heavily upon him, Achilles' following act of compliance to fight would have disrupted the balance of the Iliad. CHORUS 2: Hail, Thetis, goddess of the sea. Other articles where Patroclus is discussed: Achilles: …Phthia with his inseparable companion Patroclus. Patroclus is a character in William Shakespeare's play Troilus and Cressida. [16] Achilles did not allow the burial of Patroclus' body until the ghost of Patroclus appeared and demanded his burial in order to pass into Hades. However, this could also be interpreted as Patroclus doing his part to keep Achilles alive through remembering their shared experiences. Having already physically died, in one sense, Patroclus is quite literally made of memories, because it is only our shared remembrance of his life that gives him substance. In the renewed fighting, Achilles … Thetis’s hatred for Patroclus carries Miller’s plot forward in some essential ways and contrasts effectively with the redeeming nature of their relationship, and that may be why she has developed this divine distaste for the love between two men. The Trojan assault was repelled, but Patroclus was killed in the battle by Hector, and Achilles was overcome with grief and rage. If a hero is remembered, then they can never die, because their deeds live on in the memories of others. Thetis provided him with new armour made by the craftsman-god Hephaestus, and he reconciled himself with Agamemnon and re-entered the fray, refusing to eat or drink until he could avenge Patroclus and rescue his body. His eyes snapped open and he went rigid in fear as his mind swirled in a mist of confusion and disorientation. In The Song of Achilles, Patroclus tells Thetis that he is "made of memories" because in Archaic Greece culture, memory was linked with immortality. Memory was of imperative cultural importance in Archaic Greece, since it was linked with the afterlife and immortality. The treatment of the main figures-Thetis, Achilles, and the corpse of Patroclus-is basically the same as it is in West's initial depiction of the subject, a large picture exhibited at the Royal Academy, London, in 1805, THAT has disappeared but is known through engravings and copies. Later non-Homeric tales suggest that Patroclus was Achilles’ kinsman or lover. James Hooker describes the literary reasons for Patroclus' character within the Iliad. Nevertheless, their relationship is said to have inspired Alexander the Great in his own close relationship with his life-long companion Hephaestion. Thetis provided him with new armour made by the craftsman-god Hephaestus, and he reconciled himself with Agamemnon and re-entered the fray, refusing to eat or drink until he could avenge Patroclus and rescue his body. According to Hyginus, Patroclus was the child of Menoetius by either Sthenele, Periopis, Polymele,[6] Philomela,[7] or Damocrateia. Hephaestus [hee-FES-tuhs], at the request of Thetis, forged a new suit of mail and new weapons for Achilles. In The Song of Achilles, Patroclus tells Thetis that he is "made of memories" because in Archaic Greece culture, memory was linked with immortality. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Patroclus&oldid=1003066625, Articles with incomplete citations from February 2020, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 27 January 2021, at 07:14. 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