Eggplant is a commonly grown warm-season vegetable noted for its great flavor, egg shape and dark violet color. UC agricultural management guidelines for control of eggplant pests. Several sclerotia are present.Justin Ballew, ©2020, Clemson Extension. Avoiding excessive soil moisture is an important strategy for managing Phytophthora diseases. https://hgic.clemson.edu/factsheet/eggplant-insect-pests-diseases Their damage is most serious when the plants are small and have just a few leaves. In larger gardens, chemical control may be necessary. This problem is seen when the brinjal plant starts flowering, it is a type of worm which is … Proper plant spacing allows air to flow between plants, promoting faster drying of foliage following rain or dew. If unable to drip irrigate, direct water to the base of the plants and avoid wetting the leaves as much as possible. Plant disease-resistant varieties. Eggplant cultivation,Brinjal improved varieties, and commercial importance agrojiva. Some of the most common include blossom end rot, wilt diseases, and various types of blight. Small flowering plants, such as sweet alyssum, dill, cilantro, fennel, and rosemary, attract parasitic wasps and flies that prey on aphids, caterpillars, stink bugs, and leaf-footed bugs. Powdery Mildew. Eggplant. The pests are small, black or brown beetles that lay their eggs around the bases of eggplants. Eggplant is a favorite host of multiple species of flea beetles, which are mostly in the genus Epitrix. Also, plant your eggplant seedlings away from other crops that might spread pests. Look for varieties of peppers, eggplant, and okra that are resistant to wilts and other diseases. Fruit spots start as pale, sunken areas that rapidly enlarge to become soft and spongy down into the flesh. Disease resistance is noted in seed catalogs and seed packets. Leaf-footed bug adults and nymph sitting on an eggplant leaf.Justin Ballew, ©2020, Clemson Extension. Wait until the soil has sufficiently warmed and all threat of frost has ceased. Problem: Blossom End Rot Affected Area: Fruit Description: Round, leathery spot on blossom end of fruit. Control: There is no treatment for Fusarium wilt, so the best way for tomato growers to control the disease is to plant tomato varieties that resist the disease. We recommend Bulls-Eye™ Bioinsecticide to prevent Flea Beetles. Both the adult striped beetle and the black-spotted, hump-backed red larva are foliage feeders. Bacterial canker ravages processing tomatoes, Learn how to recognize bacterial canker now to manage this disease in the future.. How to spot and stop diseases on greenhouse tomato seedlings: Stop diseases now on tomato seedlings and produce healthy transplants for the field, Mary Hausbeck, Michigan State University … Blossom end rot, which also commonly affects tomatoes, is caused by a fungus due to the gardener overwatering. Affects green as well as ripe fruits, but is more common in ripe fruits Is a physiological disorder caused by water imbalances caused by irregular watering or over-watering especially early in the season. COVID-19 Extension Updates and Resources ... More Information », Factsheet | HGIC 2224 | Published: Aug 25, 2020 | Print. Nasturtium Seed Harvest – Tips For Collecting Nasturtium Seeds, Where To Get Seeds - Learn About Seed Buying And Harvesting, Growing Morning Glories From Seed: A Guide To Planting Morning Glory Seeds, Horse Chestnut Seeds: How To Grow A Horse Chestnut Tree, Pruning Zucchini: How To Prune Zucchini Squash, Endless Sources Will Feed A Plant Obsession, Planning The Important Things - How Do You Plan Your Garden. Eggplant problems and eggplant pests can occur from time to time when growing eggplant; however, with the proper care, they can usually be prevented. Preventing and controlling plant diseases is key to growing healthy plants. Additionally, water early in the day to give the foliage a chance to dry before dark. To avoid bacterial wilt, do not plant eggplant in areas that have had tomatoes, Irish potatoes, or eggplant planted in the previous three years. In small gardens, adults and larvae are easy to handpick and squish or drop in a bottle of soapy water. Mechanical control includes handpicking insects. If you purchase seedlings, ask nursery staff to point out their disease-resistant stock. Diseases and Pests You Have to Watch out for When Growing Eggplants in Containers Prevent aphids by placing pots of garlic and chives near the eggplant. Colorado Potato Beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) (CPB) is a serious insect pest of potatoes but will also attack eggplant, tomato and pepper in that order of preference. Drip irrigation is the preferred method of watering versus overhead watering, as this keeps water off the foliage and fruit, reducing the severity of foliar diseases and fruit rots. For chemical control, see products labeled for use in eggplant in the tables below. Aphids and whiteflies both have piercing, sucking mouthparts used to suck the sap out of eggplant leaves and stems. This information is supplied with the understanding that no discrimination is intended and no endorsement of brand names or registered trademarks by the Clemson University Cooperative Extension Service is implied, nor is any discrimination intended by the exclusion of products or manufacturers not named. Wait … Tomato Plant Insect Pests: Tips For Treating Pests On Tomatoes, Eggplant Phomopsis Blight – Reasons For Eggplant Leaf Spot And Fruit Rot. Many of these eggplant diseases can be eliminated or prevented by practicing crop rotation, reducing weed growth, and providing adequate spacing and uniform watering. Pepper and Eggplant Leafhoppers. Sunscald. Both pests are primarily found on the undersides of the leaves. Proper water management is important for avoiding a variety of disease issues. Colorado potato beetle larvae feeding on eggplant foliage.Justin Ballew, ©2020, Clemson Extension, An adult Colorado potato beetle feeding on an eggplant leaf.Justin Ballew, ©2020, Clemson Extension, Tobacco hornworms are harmless and can easily be removed by hand.Justin Ballew, ©2020, Clemson Extension. Some of the most common include blossom end rot, wilt diseases, and various types of blight. Flea beetles have chewing mouthparts and feed on leaves, making small, shot-like holes. If this document didn’t answer your questions, please contact HGIC at hgic@clemson.edu or 1-888-656-9988. Cultural control includes proper fertilization according to the results of a soil test. Inspect the leaves daily and pick out caterpillars that will eat the leaves. Proper crop rotation is important in helping to avoid the buildup of soilborne pathogens. Diseases and pests of seedlings and adult plants. Crop rotation is an important strategy for managing bacterial wilt, Phytophthora blight, and southern blight because the pathogens survive in soil. May be slightly sunken. Just a few hornworms may cause significant defoliation in small gardens. Avoid planting in areas where tomatoes, peppers, snap beans, or eggplants were planted in the last 3 years. The infected leaves have small circular spots appear which turn to brown causing blighting. Since eggplants are susceptible to many pests and diseases, the use of collars or row covers on young plants may be necessary to reduce common eggplant problems. Beetles. Black Beauty (74 days) Ophelia hybrid (55 days) Space rows 36 inches apart, and space plants 24 to 30 inches apart on the row. Besides the most serious of eggplant pests, there are also numerous other pests that cause less severe damage. A. Chewing insects that feed on aboveground plant parts If the leaves on your eggplant show signs of webbing, small spots or are turning yellow, you may have an infestation of spider mites. Eggplant - a solanaceous crop - has some of the same pests as pepper, potato, and tomato. These plants require full sun and well-drained soil amended with organic matter. Eggplant is a member of the nightshade family, related to tomatoes, peppers, and potatoes. Instead, rotate with cucurbits (squash, zucchini, melons, and cantaloupe), brassicas (collards, kale, cabbage, turnips, and broccoli), grasses (sweet corn and grains), alliums (onions, garlic, and leeks), etc. Once the plants are larger, a fair amount of injury can be tolerated. Small, round, brown and tan pellets called sclerotia, which are the survival structures, form and drop into the soil. Clemson University Cooperative Extension Service offers its programs to people of all ages, regardless of race, color, gender, religion, national origin, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, gender identity, marital or family status and is an equal opportunity employer. (Click on photo to enlarge) General Tomato Disease and Pest Management. Eggplant – Solanum melongena Family Solanaceae (Nightshade family) Plant Description. Phytophthora nicotianae causes fruit rot symptoms on eggplant.Justin Ballew, ©2020, Clemson Extension. Both juveniles and adults feed on developing fruit. Use pesticides only according to the directions on the label. Pepper and Eggplant Aphids. The eggplant flea beetle and the eggplant lace bug are common pests, but twospotted spider mites can be more damaging. Small Holes On Leaves - What Are Flea Beetles? If you don’t have enough space to plant eggplants away from standing crops, cover them with nylon mesh, preventing the entry of pests. Fungicides for Use in Home Gardens for Eggplant Disease Control. Other eggplant bugs that affect these plants include: The best way to deal with eggplant bugs is by using collars and row covers until the plants are large enough to withstand attacks, at which time insecticidal soap can be used to alleviate pest problems. No residual activity. Their feeding damage can greatly reduce yield and in some cases kill plants. Growing Eggplant. They consist of various colors and sizes, all of which can add unique flavor to many recipes or as stand-alone side dishes. Large populations may create webbing on the foliage and cause a yellow stippling symptom to develop on the foliage as they feed. Phytophthora blight (caused by Phytophthora capsici or P. nicotianae) is a water mold that may attack eggplant roots, leaves, stems, or fruit. Best products for Greenhouse whitefly in Eggplant. Broad spectrum insecticides will kill beneficial insects; therefore, avoid using these products unless absolutely necessary. Broad spectrum insecticides are best sprayed in late evening to lessen the impact on pollinating insects. Spider mite feeding damage on an eggplant leaf.Justin Ballew, ©2020, Clemson Extension. Follow all directions, precautions and restrictions that are listed. The silverleaf whitefly (Bemisia argentifolii) is the predominant species of whitefly that affects eggplant, and the green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) is the predominant aphid species. Eggplant Fruit and Shoot Borer. Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) larvae and adults feed on eggplant foliage with their chewing mouthparts. The pre-harvest (PHI) interval is the waiting time in days after spraying before harvesting. The first symptoms are represented by the appearance of some discoloration spots, that evolve in burns arranged parallel to the nerves. The spot may be depressed on the outside of the fruit. Justin Ballew, Horticulture & Agronomy Agent, Lexington County, Clemson Extension, Clemson University. African eggplant, Solanum aethiopicum, is a deciduous shrub in the family Solanaceae which is grown for its edible fruits which are cooked and eaten as a vegetable.African eggplant is a highly branching plant which can grow up to 2 m (6.6 ft) in height. Phomopsis blight commonly attacks and rots the fruit.Dr. Phomopsis blight (caused by Phomopsis vexans) is a fungal disease that most commonly attacks the fruit, but the collar rot stage can cause the stem to become narrower than normal and break off at about 1 to 2 inches above the soil line. You will learn what is good about this Dutch hybrid, how to grow seedlings, and where it is better to transplant them. Copyright © 2021 Clemson UniversityClemson Cooperative Extension | 103 Barre Hall Clemson, SC 29634864-986-4310 | Contact UsHGIC@clemson.edu, College of Agriculture, Forestry and Life Sciences, Integrated Pest Management (I.P.M.) Several eggplants that have wilted and died because of infection by bacterial wilt.Justin Ballew, ©2020, Clemson Extension, Bacterial ooze streaming from the cut stem of an eggplant suspended in water is a good way to test for bacterial wilt.Justin Ballew, ©2020, Clemson Extension, Deteriorated Eggplant stem infected with Southern blight. Flea beetles are a major eggplant pest. Bacterial wilt (caused by Ralstonia solanacearum) is a serious bacterial disease that causes sudden wilting of the plant. Sclerotia remain viable in the soil for several years until the next susceptible crop is planted. for Aphids, Centipedegrass Yearly Maintenance Program. Several other varieties can be grown in the home garden as well. Eggplant pests and diseases. Symptoms include dark streaking on the upper branches of the plant, followed by the rapid collapse of the plant and death. Back to Top Shot-hole feeding damage caused by flea beetles on eggplant foliage.Joey Williamson, ©2014 HGIC, Clemson Extension. Stem borer. Although it’s a problem that’s receiving more and more attention, not enough strategies have been developed yet to reduce the impact they generate at an economic and environmental level. Since eggplants are susceptible to many pests and diseases, the use of collars or row covers on young plants may be necessary in reducing these common eggplant problems. Agricultural pests and harmful fungi, viruses and bacteria can attack your crop at any time. Pick the insect off the plant and squish it or drop it in a bottle of soapy water. Lace bugs and flea beetles are common eggplant bugs. Populations can build up quickly and cause significant defoliation and yield loss. Pepper and Eggplant Beetles. Table 3. Join our mailing list to receive the latest updates from HGIC. Eggplant damage appears as wilting from lower to upper leaves, followed by plant collapse. Less impact on beneficials. This virus was first identified on the cucumber plant, but this disease attacks a lot of crop plants including eggplants. Table 2. In this section, find information on plant disease identification and control, including rot, freeze damage, rust, blight, mold, scales, bacteria, viruses, fungus, wilt, mildew, gall, mites, moths, and cankers. Small amounts of feeding damage often go unnoticed, though populations may occasionally build up to problematic levels. American varieties are oblong or globular with a dark purple skin. Broad Spectrum. Insecticide Products to Control Eggplant Insect Pests. Stink bugs (various species in the insect family Pentatomidae) and leaf-footed bugs (Leptoglossus phyllopus) feed on young developing fruit by inserting their piercing, sucking mouthparts. Cracking. This is an easy strategy for larger, slow-moving insects, such as hornworms and Colorado potato beetles. Insecticidal soap sprays are best applied in the early morning or the late evening to slow drying time. Common pests and diseases: Eggplants Eggplant seeds available at ufseeds.com blight and phytophthora blight. For chemical disease management, see products labeled for use on home garden eggplant in the tables below. 2021-01-27 06:26:25. Introducing natural predators, such as ladybugs, often helps minimize eggplant problems associated with aphids. Pest and Diseases. Find the right products for your crop. These weaken the crop and put it under more stress. Eggplant Field. Find more gardening information on Gardening Know How: Keep up to date with all that's happening in and around the garden. The most common of the eggplant pests are members of the beetle, bug and mite groups. This disease affects ripe fruit and causes leather-like sunk-en spots to appear on the fruit ends and cause the fruit to drop. Control pests. Phomopsis blight is more common in the fall than in the spring. The entire plant withers and dies quickly following infection. Salting an eggplant will reduce the amount of oil it absorbs during cooking. The pith inside the stem turns reddish-brown, and there is relatively little yellowing of the leaves. Growing eggplant in home gardening is a troublesome task, requiring an amateur grower a sufficiently large amount of time and knowledge, since any deviations from cultivation technology can cause weakening of the plant and damage to diseases or pests. Sign up to get all the latest gardening tips! To promote biological control, provide habitats for beneficial insects. All recommendations are for South Carolina conditions and may not apply to other areas. The leaves of the plant are arranged alternately on the stems and have smooth or lobed margins. Eggplant is high in antioxidants, vitamins and most importantly, dietary fiber which aids in digestion and a healthy "rhythm". We will tell you how to protect the variety from pests and diseases. Leaves may also have gray or brown spots that are rounded or oval-shaped. Fungicide Products to Control Eggplant Diseases. Bayer BioAdvanced Vegetable & Garden Insect Spray, Southern Ag Conserve Naturalyte Insect Control. The fungus infects the seedlings causing damping off. The article describes a popular variety of eggplant "Valentina". Populations may increase rapidly in times of hot, dry weather. These pests consume the leaves and suck the life-supporting sap from the plants. Apply at or shortly after transplanting. Table 1. The pre-harvest interval (PHI) is the waiting time in days after spraying before harvesting. You’ll also find tips on integrated pest management and herbicide summaries. Spider Mites Spider mites can reproduce incredibly fast and cause severe damage in no time at all. Two spotted spider mites (Tetranychus urticae) may become a pest on eggplant foliage, especially after the use of broad spectrum insecticides. Diseases, pests and problems for garden Eggplant. In addition, manage weeds before they begin flowering and producing seeds in and around the garden, which may harbor insect pests and provide overwintering sites. As the disease progresses, a white mat of fungal mycelium (threadlike growth) develops around the base of the stem, rotting the stem and causing the plant to yellow, wilt, and die. The treatment for such insects is usually very simple and can be cured in reasonable time. Choose Resistant Varieties. This is helpful in reducing foliar diseases and fruit rots. Eggplant Integrated Pest Management AN ECOLOGICAL GUIDE TRAINING RESOURCE TEXT ON CROP DEVELOPMENT, MAJOR AGRONOMIC PRACTICES, DISEASE AND INSECT ECOLOGY, INSECT PESTS, NATURAL ENEMIES AND DISEASES OF EGGPLANT FAO Inter-Country Programme for Integrated Pest Management In Vegetables in South and Southeast Asia June 2003 Cucumber mosaic virus in eggplant. Outbreaks and pests are responsible for huge losses of crops and pastures in many countries. All recommendations for pesticide use are for South Carolina only and were legal at the time of publication, but the status of registration and use patterns are subject to change by action of state and federal regulatory agencies. Stip. In addition, remove infected plants from the garden. Avoid over fertilizing with nitrogen, as this can make plants more attractive to aphids. This frequently leads to a discolored spot beneath the skin that becomes evident when plants... 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Of feeding damage caused by a fungus due to the nerves on eggplant foliage.Joey Williamson, HGIC..., shot-like holes important strategy for managing bacterial wilt, Phytophthora blight other varieties can be more damaging label... Leaves of the fruit is sliced to tomatoes, is caused by Phytophthora and Pythium describes a popular of! - a solanaceous pest and diseases of eggplant - has some of the leaves as much as....: Round, leathery spot on blossom end of fruit bug are common pests and diseases has increased recent..., Round, brown and tan pellets called sclerotia, which are mostly in the genus.! Remove hornworms by hand when found areas where tomatoes, peppers, and where is. To transplant them is a member of the most common include blossom end rot, reduces... Horn on the label ladybugs, often helps minimize eggplant problems associated with aphids Deal with pests. - a solanaceous crop - has some of the plants the rapid collapse of beetle. Withers and dies quickly following infection disease attacks a lot of crop plants including eggplants for...